A review of carbon dioxide disposal technology in the converter steelmaking process

In last decade, the utilization of CO₂ resources in steelmaking has achieved certain metallurgical effects and the technology is maturing. In this review, we summarized the basic reaction theory of CO₂, the CO₂ conversion, and the change of energy-consumption when CO₂ was introduced in converter steelmaking process. In the CO₂–O₂ mixed injection (COMI) process, the CO₂ conversion ratio can be obtained as high as 80% or more with a control of the CO₂ ratio in mixture gas and the flow rate of CO₂, and the energy is saving and even the energy consumption can be reduced by 145.65 MJ/t under certain operations. In addition, a complete route of CO₂ disposal technology is proposed combining the comparatively mature technologies of CO₂ capture, CO₂ compression, and liquid CO₂ storage to improve the technology of CO₂ utilization. The results are expected to form a large-scale, highly efficient, and valuable method to dispose of CO₂.