Reduction of NO<sub><i>x</i></sub> emission based on optimized proportions of mill scale and coke breeze in sintering process

Zhi-gang Que; Xian-bin Ai; Sheng-li Wu

doi:10.1007/s12613-020-2103-3

Volume 28 Issue 9

Sep. 2021

Turn off MathJax

Article Contents

Article Navigation > International Journal of Minerals, Metallurgy and Materials > 2021 > 28(9): 1453-1461

Zhi-gang Que, Xian-bin Ai, and Sheng-li Wu, Reduction of NO_x emission based on optimized proportions of mill scale and coke breeze in sintering process, Int. J. Miner. Metall. Mater., 28(2021), No. 9, pp. 1453-1461. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12613-020-2103-3

Cite this article as:

Zhi-gang Que, Xian-bin Ai, and Sheng-li Wu, Reduction of NOx emission based on optimized proportions of mill scale and coke breeze in sintering process, Int. J. Miner. Metall. Mater., 28(2021), No. 9, pp. 1453-1461. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12613-020-2103-3

Citation:

PDF( 1177 KB)

Research Article

Reduction of NO_x emission based on optimized proportions of mill scale and coke breeze in sintering process

+ Author Affiliations

Corresponding author:
Zhi-gang Que E-mail: quezhigang@126.com
Received: 4 March 2020; Revised: 18 May 2020; Accepted: 19 May 2020; Available online: 21 May 2020

Abstract

Abstract

Reducing NO_x emission of iron ore sintering process in a cost effective manner is a challenge for the iron and steel industry at present. Effects of the proportion of mill scale and coke breeze on the NO_x emission, strength of sinter, and sinter indexes were studied by combustion and sinter pot tests. Results showed that the peak value of NO concentration, total of NO emission, and fuel-N conversion rate gradually decreased as the proportions of the mill scale increased because NO was reduced to N₂ by Fe₃O₄, FeO, and Fe in the mill scale. The strength of sinter reached the highest value at 8.0wt% mill scale due to the formation of minerals with low melting point. The fuel-N conversion rate slightly fluctuated and total NO_x emission significantly decreased with the decreased proportions of coke breeze because CO formation and content of N element in the sintered mixture decreased. However, the sinter strength also decreased due to the decrease in the amount of the melting minerals. Furthermore, results of the sinter pot tests indicated that NO_x emission decreased. The sinter indexes performed well when the proportions of mill scale and coke breeze were 8.0wt% and 3.70wt% respectively in the sintered mixture.
- iron ore sinter;
- NO_x emission;
- mill scale;
- coke breeze;
- proportion optimization

FullText(HTML)

Supplements(0)

References(39)

References

[1]	J.M. Qie, C.X. Zhang, H.F. Wang, X.P. Li, and X.Y. Shi, Analysis of emission situation and emission reduction technology of typical sintering flue gas pollutants, Sintering Pelletizing, 41(2016), No. 6, p. 59.
[2]	Y.D. Su, X.W. Li, and X.H. Fan, Research progress of NO_x reduction technology in sintering process, Sintering Pelletizing, 38(2013), No. 6, p. 41.
[3]	S.L. Wu, Z.G. Que, B. Su, and Y.Z. Zhang, Research progress of the “in-bed-de NO_x” technology in iron ore sintering, J. Eng. Stud., 9(2017), No. 1, p. 61.
[4]	B.J. Yan, Y. Xing, P. Lu, W. Su, B. Jiang, and X.X. Cui, A critical review on the research progress of multi-pollutant collaborative control technologies of sintering flue gas in the iron and steel industry, Chin. J. Eng., 40(2018), No. 7, p. 767.
[5]	X.M. Yan, Y.R. Li, T.Y. Zhu, and F. Qi, Review of emission and simultaneous control of multiple pollutants from iron-steel sintering flue gas, J. Environ. Eng. Technol., 5(2015), No. 2, p. 85.
[6]	H.L. Zhang, Q. Shi, H.M. Long, J.X. Li, T.J. Chun, and Z.F. Gao, Analysis of NO_x removal process in sintering flue gas, Iron Steel, 52(2017), No. 5, p. 100.
[7]	G. Suzuki, R. Ando, H. Yoshikoshi, Y. Yamaoka, and S. Nagaoka, A study of the reduction of NO_x in the waste gas from sinter plant, Tetsu-to-Hagane, 61(1975), No. 13, p. 2775. doi: 10.2355/tetsutohagane1955.61.13_2775
[8]	H. Hu, H. Huang, Z.W. Zeng, J.L. Zhang, S. Annanurov, and Q.Z. Zhao, The formation of NO_x during sintering, Energy Sources A, 39(2017), No. 12, p. 1228. doi: 10.1080/15567036.2017.1318191
[9]	C.B. Xu, S.L Wu, and D.Q. Cang, Numerical modeling of NO formation during packed-bed combustion of coke granules, J. Univ. Sci. Technol. Beijing, 7(2000), No. 4, p. 261.
[10]	Y. Hida, M. Sasaki, T. Enokido, Y. Umezu, T. Iida, and S. Uno, Effect of the existing state of coke breeze in quasi-particles of raw mix on coke combustion in the sintering process, Tetsu-to-Hagane, 68(1982), No. 3, p. 400. doi: 10.2355/tetsutohagane1955.68.3_400
[11]	E. Kasai and Y. Omori, Combustion rate of coke at different existing states prepared by fine alumina, Tetsu-to-Hagane, 72(1986), No. 10, p. 1537. doi: 10.2355/tetsutohagane1955.72.10_1537
[12]	P.L. Hou, S.M. Choi, W. Yang, E.S. Choi, and H.J. Kang, Application of intra-particle combustion model for iron ore sintering bed, Mater. Sci. Appl., 2(2011), No. 5, p. 370. doi: 10.4236/msa.2011.25048
[13]	K.I. Ohno, K. Noda, K. Nishioka, T. Maeda, and M. Shimizu, Combustion rate of coke in quasi-particle at iron ore sintering process, Tetsu-to-Hagane, 101(2015), No. 3, p. 184. doi: 10.2355/tetsutohagane.101.184
[14]	P.N. Ma, M. Cheng, M.X. Zhou, Y.W. Li, and H. Zhou, Combustion characteristics of different types of quasi-particles in iron ore sintering process, Chin. J. Eng., 41(2019), No. 3, p. 316.
[15]	J. Pan, Theoretical and Process Studies of the Abatement of Flue Gasemissions during Iron Ore Sintering [Dissertation], Central South University of Technology, Changsha, 2007.
[16]	Z.G. Que, J.S. Wang, X.B. Ai, and S.L. Wu, Reduction of NO_x emission in sintering process based on optimization of solid fuels particle size, China Metall., 29(2019), No. 6, p. 8.
[17]	S.L. Wu, Y.Z. Zhang, B. Su, X.M. Wang, and L. Zhang, Analysis of main factors affecting NO_x emissions in sintering process, Chin. J. Eng., 39(2017), No. 5, p. 693.
[18]	Z.G. Que, S.L. Wu, G.L. Zhang, B. Su, and Y.Z. Zhang, Effect of mill scale adding methods on NO_x emission of coke combustion during iron ore sintering, [in] AISTech and ICSTI 2015, Cleveland, 2015, p. 1406.
[19]	E. Kasai, S.L. Wu, T. Sugiyama, S. Inaba, and Y. Omori, Combustion rate and NO emission during combustion of coke granules in packed beds, Tetsu-to-Hagane, 78(1992), No. 7, p. 1005. doi: 10.2355/tetsutohagane1955.78.7_1005
[20]	Z.G. Que, S.L. Wu, and X.B. Ai, To reduce NO_x emission based on optimizing the existing states of coarse coke breeze during iron ore sintering process, Chin. J. Eng., 42(2020), No. 2, p. 163.
[21]	M.S. Lee and S.C. Shim, Influence of lime/limestone addition on the SO₂ and NO formation during the combustion of coke pellet, ISIJ Int., 44(2004), No. 3, p. 470. doi: 10.2355/isijinternational.44.470
[22]	K. Katayama and S. Kasama, Influence of lime coating coke on NO_x concentration in sintering process, ISIJ Int., 56(2016), No. 9, p. 1563. doi: 10.2355/isijinternational.ISIJINT-2015-742
[23]	M.Y. Gan, Z.N. Wei, C.G. Shi, H. Liu, M.F. Zhu, and T.J. Chun, Influences of fuel modified using burnt lime on NO_x emission in burning and sintering process, J. Iron Steel Res., 31(2019), No. 9, p. 816.
[24]	Y.G. Chen, Z.C. Guo, Z. Wang, and G.S. Feng, NO_x reduction in the sintering process, Int. J. Miner. Metall. Mater., 16(2009), No. 2, p. 143. doi: 10.1016/S1674-4799(09)60024-8
[25]	Y.G. Chen, Z.C. Guo, and G.S. Feng, NO_x reduction by coupling combustion with recycling flue gas in iron ore sintering process, Int. J. Miner. Metall. Mater., 18(2011), No. 4, p. 390. doi: 10.1007/s12613-011-0452-7
[26]	M. Gan, X.H. Fan, W. Lv, X.L. Chen, Z.Y. Ji, T. Jiang, Z.Y. Yu, and Y. Zhou, Fuel pre-granulation for reducing NO_x emissions from the iron ore sintering process, Powder Technol., 301(2016), p. 478. doi: 10.1016/j.powtec.2016.05.043
[27]	W. Lv, X.H. Fan, X.B. Min, M. Gan, X.L. Chen, and Z.Y. Ji, Formation of nitrogen mono oxide (NO) during iron ore sintering process, ISIJ Int., 58(2018), No. 2, p. 236. doi: 10.2355/isijinternational.ISIJINT-2017-370
[28]	Z.Y. Yu, X.H. Fan, M. Gan, and X.L. Chen, Effect of Ca–Fe oxides additives on NO_x reduction in iron ore sintering, J. Iron Steel Res. Int., 24(2017), No. 12, p. 1184. doi: 10.1016/S1006-706X(18)30016-5
[29]	K. Morioka, S. Inaba, M. Shimizu, K. Ano, and T. Sugiyama, Primary application of the “in-bed-deNO_x” process using Ca–Fe oxides in iron ore sintering machines, ISIJ Int., 40(2000), No. 3, p. 280. doi: 10.2355/isijinternational.40.280
[30]	W. Xiong, J.Y. Liao, X.G. Bi, and G.F. Zhou, Experiment study of the de-NO_x in sintering waste gas, Sintering Pelletizing, 32(2007), No. 1, p. 12.
[31]	S.L. Wu, T. Sugiyama, K. Morioka, E. Kasai, and Y. Omori, Elimination reaction of NO gas generated from coke combustion in iron ore sinter bed, Tetsu-to-Hagane, 80(1994), No. 4, p. 276. doi: 10.2355/tetsutohagane1955.80.4_276
[32]	B.V. Reddy and S.N. Khanna, Self-stimulated NO reduction and CO oxidation by iron oxide clusters, Phys. Rev. Lett., 93(2004), No. 6, art. No. 068301. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.068301
[33]	E. Kasai, T. Sugiyama, and Y. Omori, Reduction of the amount of nitrogen oxides formed during sintering by using coke prepared from the mixture of coal and iron ore, Tetsu-to-Hagane, 80(1994), No. 4, p. 282. doi: 10.2355/tetsutohagane1955.80.4_282
[34]	M. Nakano, T. Yamakawa, N. Hayakawa, and M. Nagabuchi, Effects of metallic iron bearing resources on iron ore sintering, ISIJ Int., 38(1998), No. 1, p. 16. doi: 10.2355/isijinternational.38.16
[35]	S.L. Wu, G.L. Zhang, S.G. Chen, and B. Su, Influencing factors and effects of assimilation characteristic of iron ores in sintering process, ISIJ Int., 54(2014), No. 3, p. 582. doi: 10.2355/isijinternational.54.582
[36]	G.L. Zhang, S.L. Wu, B. Su, Z.G. Que, C.G. Hou, and Y. Jiang, Influencing factor of sinter body strength and its effects on iron ore sintering indexes, Int. J. Miner. Metall. Mater., 22(2015), No. 6, p. 553. doi: 10.1007/s12613-015-1107-x
[37]	C.C. Yang, D.Q. Zhu, J. Pan, and Y. Shi, Some basic properties of granules from ore blends consisting of ultrafine magnetite and hematite ores, Int. J. Miner. Metall. Mater., 26(2019), No. 8, p. 953. doi: 10.1007/s12613-019-1824-7
[38]	F. Zhang, D.Q. Zhu, J. Pan, Y.P. Mo, and Z.Q. Guo, Improving the sintering performance of blends containing Canadian specularite concentrate by modifying the binding medium, Int. J. Miner. Metall. Mater., 25(2018), No. 6, p. 598. doi: 10.1007/s12613-018-1607-6
[39]	S.L. Wu, B. Su, Y.H. Qi, Y. Li, and B.B. Du, Major melt formation characteristic factor analysis of iron ore liquid phase fluidity during the sintering process, Chin. J. Eng., 40(2018), No. 3, p. 321.