Recycling and recovery of spent copper–indium–gallium–diselenide (CIGS) solar cells: A review

Xiang Li; Baozhong Ma; Chengyan Wang; Die Hu; Yingwei Lü; Yongqiang Chen

doi:10.1007/s12613-022-2552-y

Volume 30 Issue 6

Jun. 2023

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Article Navigation > International Journal of Minerals, Metallurgy and Materials > 2023 > 30(6): 989-1002

Xiang Li, Baozhong Ma, Chengyan Wang, Die Hu, Yingwei Lü, and Yongqiang Chen, Recycling and recovery of spent copper–indium–gallium–diselenide (CIGS) solar cells: A review, Int. J. Miner. Metall. Mater., 30(2023), No. 6, pp. 989-1002. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12613-022-2552-y

Cite this article as:

Xiang Li, Baozhong Ma, Chengyan Wang, Die Hu, Yingwei Lü, and Yongqiang Chen, Recycling and recovery of spent copper–indium–gallium–diselenide (CIGS) solar cells: A review, Int. J. Miner. Metall. Mater., 30(2023), No. 6, pp. 989-1002. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12613-022-2552-y

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Invited Review

Recycling and recovery of spent copper–indium–gallium–diselenide (CIGS) solar cells: A review

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Corresponding authors:
Baozhong Ma E-mail: bzhma_ustb@yeah.net

Chengyan Wang E-mail: chywang@yeah.net
Received: 24 June 2022; Revised: 15 September 2022; Accepted: 16 September 2022; Available online: 20 September 2022

Abstract

Abstract

Copper–indium–gallium–diselenide (CIGS) is a fast-evolving commercial solar cell. The firm demand for global carbon reduction and the rise of potential environmental threats necessitate spent CIGS solar cell recycling. In this paper, the sources and characteristics of valuable metals in spent CIGS solar cells were reviewed. The potential environmental impacts of CIGS, including service life, critical material, and material toxicity, were outlined. The main recovery methods of valuable metals in the various types of spent CIGS, including hydrometallurgy, pyrometallurgy, and comprehensive treatment processes, were compared and discussed. The mechanism of different recovery processes was summarized. The challenges faced by different recycling processes of spent CIGS were also covered in this review. Finally, the economic viability of the recycling process was assessed. The purpose of this review is to provide reasonable suggestions for the sustainable development of CIGS and the harmless disposal of spent CIGS.
- spent solar cells;
- recycling technology;
- valuable component separation;
- metallurgy progress;
- urban mining

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