Research progress and future prospect of blasting theory and technology for deep rock masses: A review primarily based on Chinese perspectives

Shallow mineral resources are gradually depleting worldwide; therefore, deep mining is becoming increasingly prevalent within the mining industry. Drilling and blasting are the predominant excavation methods used in deep environments. However, challenges such as inefficient borehole utilization and significant over- or under-excavation are frequently encountered. Scientific investigations on deep rock mass blasting are crucial for the effective development and utilization of deep resources, underpinning safe and efficient deep mine operations. This paper identifies the challenges faced in deep rock mass blasting and presents a review of the current research, primarily from the perspective of Chinese institutions and their experiences, integrating theoretical and technical perspectives through a bibliometric analysis. First, key developmental trends and prominent research teams were identified in the context of this review. Subsequently, three principal areas of theoretical research are analyzed and summarized: blasting stress field evolution, crack propagation behavior, and vibrational response characteristics under in-situ stress conditions. The application and optimization of cut and perimeter blasting techniques for deep rock masses were also examined. Finally, drawing upon existing research, this study explores three key future directions: prediction of blasting effects, utilization of unloading stress waves for cooperative rock fragmentation, and optimization of production blasting in deep metal mines. This review aims to provide a systematic framework for future research in the field of deep rock mass blasting.